商埠 Victoria City of Hong Kong


Buzzy Queen's Road, Victoria City of Hong Kong, 1869-2015. (by Vincent Poon, Thomson's photo courtesy: Wellcome) 

Illustration of a general view of  the Victoria City of Hong Kong - the setting in the story of  Messr. Sayle & Co. (above), from the May 1 1866 edition of The Illustrated London News | Free trade port of Victoria City had already built up along north shore of the rocky island since the cessation of today's Hong Kong Island in the Treaty of Nanking 24 years before. This desolated island, marked as "hong-kong" in the late18th mariner's chart to Canton, was not an obvious choice to London as a permanent base for China trade. Outraged with the outcome of a deal made by the British superintendent at Canton, Captain C. Elliot, British foreign secretary Lord Palmerston dismissed it as a wrong pick and announced to parliament in 1841, “Hong Kong is a barren rock with nary a house upon it. It will never be a mart for trade”.

The Duke of Edinburgh is expected on a visit to Hong Kong - The Wellington Independent, May 20, 1869, New Zealand



章The Hong Kong Telegraph 於1883年5月有一則電訊報道,來港任職只有3個月的些喱Sayle & Co.員工Mr. Sharp,抵埗菲律賓十天,因霍亂腹瀉病逝。十九世紀,平均年齡遠不及現在,壯年離世屬平常事。該公司東主(principle) Robert Sayle 的長子,1877年上海身故時,年僅25歲。人生無常,不分社會階層。

原照片,為著名蘇格蘭攝影師 John Thomson (1837–1921),於1869年10月拍攝。香港商業中心中環,皇后大道(Queen's Road 大馬路) 兩旁的商業樓宇,張燈結綵,為慶祝愛丁堡公爵(the Duke of Edinburgh) 訪港。繁華的大街,看似清閑,只不過曝光時間長所致。照片左邊見到 Victoria Exchange,就是開頭提及,香港些喱 Messr. Sayle & Co.所在 。

Robert Sayle (些喱, 1816-1883), JP of Cambridge and China, Draper and Outfitter


喱 (Messrs. Sayle & Co. ),香港早已遺忘的英國百年老字號。創辨人Robert Sayle (1816-1883) 出身農莊,無意承父業,少時出倫敦名店學師 [1]。早於1840年英國, 回到劍橋(Cambridge),登報 Robert Sayle 開業。同一時期,富可敵國的東印度公司 (The Honourable East India Company),正在解體,而旗下代理 (agent),一班艇仔拆家,在廣州十三行,跟清廷鬧翻,因鴉片走私貿易,利益龐大,局勢緊張,一年後英軍登陸香港。

1864年,英商 Thomas Peacock [2],於中環市中心,向 William Henry Duddell 租用其公司舊址 Victoria Exchange,即今日陸佑行 (Loke Yew Building, 皇后大道中50-52號) 位置。同期 Sayle 跟 Peacock 在香港合夥,成立 Sayle, Peacock & Co [3]。香港名錄上, Sayle 登記職業為 Milliner [4] 。到1868年1月,由The Daily Press 一則廣告見到,他跟Peacock已經拆夥,以 Sayle & Co 牌頭,開拓中國以及東印度市場,經營批發零售布匹服飾,英國來路貨 - 愛爾蘭針織,床舖,襪子,服飾用品,裘皮,披肩,手帕,針紙飾帶及花飾商品等 [5] 。

若自1864年計起,近20年,由香港發展至上海、新加坡,公司一直於 Victoria Exchange 營業,盤踞商業中心。所經營規模,單單看1873年,其海外僱員(Assistant) 列為陪審員,經已有十多人 [6]。可以想像得到其僱用人數,與及公司規模。陪審員報稱寓所,統統皇后大道36號,可能是公司租賃的海外員工宿舍。

Invoice & Letters from Sayle, Peacock & Co. : The invoice is dated 1866 and the 3 letters are 1864 and 1867. The letters are hard to read and were written to the woman on the invoice.

Advertisement : Robert Sayle (1840-1970) ; Sayle, Peacock & Co ; Sayle & Co  


Advertisement, incl. that of Messrs Sayle & Co., (Hong Kong Daily Press Wednesday 29 Jan 1868.)


片中,Victoria Exchange 立面有燈飾、英美法國旗以及彩色玻璃鑲嵌成的公爵紋章,門口三人,未知有無Sayle本人,但更大機會,會有長期居港的合夥人(原文partner) Mr. William Sterry。現存紀錄,Sayle 並無在港長期居留,他的主要業務,似一直在英國劍橋郡[]。他本人最終會離開中國,或許跟長子Arthur Willis Sayle [7] ,1877年死於上海有關;更大可能,只不過是當代英商經營手法,海外資產及生意發展,可以有系統的交代理人或合夥人打理。按公司一宗本港民事訴訟,得知 Sterry 期後1872年退休,1870年代起公司管理,本港業務由 Mr. D. Sayle 接替,此君似跟東主無直屬關係。另外 James Black 於1874年由Assistant躍升為經理。

Sayle & Co. 在港前後20年間,涉及至少4宗民事訴訟 [8] 。在1880及1882年,分別有兩宗涉及僱傭合約的民事訴訟。一單大概是前員工 Esh 不滿,指控公司僱傭合約條文有問題;另一單公司控告其前薄記文員 William Griffiths Humphreys,於離職指定限期內,違反合約從事本行。透過兩宗訴訟,可以見到英國外商在港的營運細節;見到普通英國年輕人,如何山長水遠,來到完全陌生的地方打工;亦見到英國人以及其他在華外國人,如何透過香港民事法律系統,在華解決各人之間糾紛。

MESSRS. SAYLE AND CO.(些喱), Victoria Exchange, Queen's Road, Victoria City of Hongkong, Oct 1869 (photo John Thomson) |   (The China Mail, 30 Oct 1869)

鄰 Sayle & Co. 的樓宇,樓上是巴斯家族公司 N. Mody & Co. (麼地 Merchants and Agent, 1862-? [9]),留意地下有 N. Mody 門牌,是今日豐樂行 (Canton House, 皇后大道中54-56號)。雖屬同代,但 N. Mody 並非港人熟悉的麼地爵士 (Sir Hormusjee Naorojee Mody [10])。N 是 Nusserwanjee 縮寫,不是 Naorojee。公司前身 Dadabhoy Nusserwanjee Mody & Co.[11],隨著一位合夥人退休,於是1862年公司重組為 Nusserwanjee Mody & Co.,從事包括鴉片的貿易,公司到19世紀末仍活躍,合夥人數不少,但都似家族圍內人,名字大多帶有 Nusserwanjee Mody [] 。同一巴斯人名字,字串經常會有不同併法,令追查人物產生不少困惑。

相片跟報紙形容 N. Mody 的歡迎裝飾吻合,有配戴着著印度寶石 Koh-i-Noor 襟鑽的女皇畫像,有 "God Bless the Empress of India" 的燈飾。照片中大馬路上,有巴斯人及隨員一排列開,似乎就是麼地這家。60年代,不少巴斯人集中於麟檄士街 (Lyndhurst Terrace 今日擺花街),而 Nusserwanjee Mody 這家,就坐落市中心大馬路,似乎有一定實力。信奉拜火教的巴斯人族群,在本港商界,佔有一定人數及影響力。雖自成一系,往往基於共同利益,會跟其他族裔的商人聯手,向港府施壓。例如1858年,D.N Mody & Co 等一眾巴斯人,跟其他大班向政府聯署,莫跟隨英國本土法律制度,實行大律師 (Barristers) 與事務律師 (Solicitors) 分家。巴斯人本身在印度是少數族裔,根源於波斯,有漂流定居印度,並在孟買等印度商港起家,隨英國發展踏足中國市場。英商來港,多數總會返祖家或印度。而印度的少數族裔商人家族,不少像巴斯人麼地、亞美尼亞人渣打等,最後會落腳香港生根。

 N. Mody & CO :  "God Bless the Empress of India", painting of Queen Victoria wearing the Koh-i-Noor diamond as a brooch. Probably the painting was based of that of the queen sitting on the Ivory Throne presented to her by the Maharaja of Travancore

Studio portrait of three Parsees and a Parbhu, in Bombay.--Photographer: Chintamon, Hurrichund Medium: Photographic print Date: 1867

Letter of N. Mody & Co. in 1870s




地樓下地舖,是德國鐘錶商 Messrs. Chs. J. Gaupp and Co. (1860-1914)。公司專營鐘錶珠寶等 (Chronometer Makers, Watchmakers, Opticians and Jewellers),當年鐘錶行業,是一種歐洲傳統精密儀器工藝,製造以及維修各類鐘錶航海儀器 (Chronometer, watch, nautical instrument),涉及美工、技術、行銷。香港早於開埠,就有德國鐘錶商 Charles Weiss,位於嘉咸街 (Graham Street) 與威靈頓街 (Wellington Street) 交界。隨著他1856年離港,先後有兩人頂手。一位 Henry Vaucher ,1851至56年間,任職廣州洋行播喴鏢店 ( Bovet Brothers and Co. [12] ),不過他到港一年,就因霍亂病逝。接著是 Weiss 前助手 Louis Heermann,58年於大馬路開店,但他經常離港,60年就將公司轉手至職員 Mr. Charles J. Gaupp,公司名定下來,但不斷有人出入 (associate 或 partner) [13] 。照片中門口站立者,未知會否是Gaupp本人? 當年在華鐘錶同業,多針對平價市場,他走不同商業定位,注重手工,加上舖頭正正在繁盛的市中心,而店內設有精美擺設,去吸引較高檔客戶。製品今日古董市場仍然有流通,所以有專題研究 []。這間老字號,到1892年廣告,地址依舊是皇后大道54-56號。之後有品牌退出其代理行列,可能是正常,但1914年英德交戰,公司亦正式清盤結業 [14]。

沿暗斜上到近砵甸乍街口 (Pottinger Street),照片所見,橫跨大馬路半空,掛滿各國旗織。由報章得知,是英商 John Martin Armstrong 所掛。他官方拍賣行位於 Commercial Bank Building 樓上。1854年 Rawle, Drinker & Co.清盤,Armstrong 等接收 Drinker。1864年在畢打碼頭有 Thomas Hunt & Co.,從事 shipchandler 業務。至於拍賣行業,營利最高峰為開埠時期40、50年代,之後市場交易形式變化,但政府仍需要任命官方拍賣行,由民事刑事法院裁決,以至各行政機關,查處繳獲或拾獲的大量財物資產,需要去處理。Armstrong 就剛在1869年,接替 George A.F. Norris (MacEwen and Company) 這任命,而 Norris的前任,就是之後介紹會介紹的 George Duddell (都爹利 [] )。

同一份報道,知道Armstrong 對面,就是L. Frickel & Co,從事"Ship, Chandlers, Sailmakers, General Storekeeper, and Commission Agent, Queen's Road Hong Kong" [15],門牌似乎是45號左近,業主似是41號的 Turner & Co。Frickel 的燈飾,會包括大個大型花牌,上面有代表公爵的A字。仔細放大原照片,見到騎樓㡳圓拱頂上招牌,有 "RICK" 字樣,亦即 Frickel 局部。公司之後1874年,合伙成立 Messrs. McEwen, Frickel & Co。Sayle 一單民事訴訟中,涉及一名員工,被指離職後違反合約,該員工就是先過檔Frickel過冷河,有這番對答:


Sample of various form of balcony, veranda & platform with iron pillars


下 Victoria Exchange 是一座獨立房屋,兩旁都有私家巷,跟其他樓宇分隔,打開門口,就可通往週圍各屋後巷。1920年代地圖,仍隱約見到其標示,而其中一條今日猶在。該建築樓底高,瓦頂磚牆,立面外掛封閉了的迴廊 (verandah),延伸出地界外公家行人道上 ,其鐵架支柱帶有簡單幾何裝飾。城內近似的騎樓,似乎是旁邊兩幢。這形式,可能是40年代引入其中一種早期海外露台騎樓。往後,本港騎樓採用其他建築物料,演化出本土自身風格。今日要看類似外形的實物,那支撐,似乎要走到澳洲、新奧爾良等民居。

Victoria Exchange 正確位置,屬原1843年官契內地段第19號之內,是本港首拍的其中一幅地段,地契包括今日陸祐行與及萬年大廈 (Manning Building) 一部分。兩邊緊接的豐樂行以及萬年大廈其餘部份,已是另外兩幅不同地段。一如其他已批租土地(俗稱賣地),該地段歷代承租人(俗稱業主),不斷分拆賣散再整合。1861年,剩餘部份由 Frederick Woods [16]  持有,今日陸祐行的地段,就可上溯至到這份 Woods 的地契。到1895年,登記冊上地契業權記註,有一份 William Powell & Co. (寶路公司) 的商舖租約。1897年寶路公司照片見到,那正是 Sayle & Co. 舊址。90年代兩邊樓宇外貌,並無大變動,見到樓下地舖 Tak Cheong Tailor 門牌,正是50-52號。

奇怪是,不遲於1862年起的一段時間,Victoria Exchange 曾屬港府產業,甚或是連座落土地,被港府一拼收回或接收。因為檔案顯示,就這物業,1862年地政署以短期土地租契形式批出,意味當年不知何故,它不屬於該範圍任何私人業主 (按前述,直覺屬承批人 Frederick Woods 。但類似情況,這並非獨例,待考)。Victoria Exchange 短期土地租契為期7年,完約另可續租4年,該承租人就是 William Henry Duddell ( as auctioneer, Queen's Road in The China Directory for 1862)。

大家對此君逸事所知不多,反而是他曾經一段時期,是著名商人 George Duddell 的助手 (原文assistant)。George Duddell (都爹利 1821-1887 colonial administrator and businessman ) 早於廣州十三行貿易年代,已經出現。他對任何賺錢機會,都不會放過,典型19世紀貪婪資本家的形象,最適合當代小說家狄更斯小說角色造型。1850年,G Duddell 成為 Sheriff's auctioneer,57年由 Charles Markwick [17] 手上,奪得官方拍賣行地位 [18] 。他1850年的拍賣場所,位於皇后大道的 Auction Mart。差不多同代,至少56年,其廣告亦已出現 Victoria Exchange。拍賣活動本身,往往會在所出售財物或資產的現場進行,有意者事前想取得相關手續、文件、目錄等,可到 Victoria Exchange []。究竟兩個處所有否關連? 上述 Victoria Exchange 業權變化,會否跟 G. Duddell 後來起跌有關?

G. Duddell 61年生意不利,淡出返祖家退休。離港前60年,跟 W.H. Duddell 合組公司 Duddell & Co,從事拍賣,該公司地址,就是Victoria Exchange。如前述,64年或之前,處所租與 Peacock 。無幾耐,1865年見 W.H. Duddell 身故的通告,W.H. Duddell 似乎繼絕,該份短期租契 (Lease of Premises, refer ad),應該連Peacock租約權益,公開招標,最終 1865年Carl Rohl 登記接續該份 Victoria Exchange 批租。



Chronicle of the Victoria Exchange, from 1856 to 1864
Duddell as Sheriff's Auctioneer   


Appointments of the Government Auctioneer in 1860 and 1869. The Colonial Secretary Mercer didn't mention the name of scandalous G. Duddell. He simply wrote "all other appointments to this post being hereby cancelled. 


Sayle 生意不錯,1881年從業主 Frederick Woods 手中,購入今日陸祐行的一整幅土地 。港府那份 Victoria Exchange 短期租契,1865年Carl Rohl 接手後,未見後續批租,似乎物業最後歸屬 Sayle,拼入上述地段。幾年後1885年,其員工在陪審員名冊登記地址為 Victoria House (Stanley Street 士丹利街 ),不再是皇后大道 36號。 Victoria House,可能是收購該地段之後,Sayle 才命名,因為在1840年他開業的劍橋元店,位置就是聖安德魯街12號的 Victoria House。

Sayle本人一直在祖家劍橋郡,積極投身當地教會及社區,生意越做越大。但這一切,隨 Sayle 於1883年心臟病突發逝世突變,管理層更迭,而海外遠東業務終歸結束。英國法院的遺囑認證書 (grant of probate),確認了四位遺囑執行人,按Sayle 遺囑處理其財產。劍橋的公司 Robert Sayle,由當地合夥人延續,該百貨公司其後不斷擴展,至2007年代,才正式改名 [19]。至於本港法院,1884年按遺產管理書 (letters of administration),由 Bordman Bromhead Dalton Sayles (應該是之前提及本港合夥人 Mr. D. Sayle),當遺產管理人 (administrator),處理 Sayle 本港的財產,善後打點。期間B.B.D. Sayle正跟 William Bolton Spratt 及 Alexandre Amador Eca da Silva (Macau Portuguese origin) 達成一份臨時的合約 (conditional contract [20]),不過對方1884年,合夥出狀況解散,Spratt 隨後更離世 [21],B.B.D. Sayle 要透過的近士律師行 (Brereton, Wotton & Deacons),向對方提出民事訴訟,最後得直。

另外的近士有一份授權書 (power of attorney) [22] ,由英國執行人賦予本港 Harry Arnold Woolnough (經理 - 香港大藥房 Hong Kong Dispensary, est. 1841,  36 Queen's Road)。Woolnough 早就1884年,當 Sayle & Co 物業代理,為 Sayle 出讓 Richmond Terrace 兩幢單邊洋房 [23]。香港大藥房屬屈臣氏 (A. S. Watson & Co. Ltd.) 。骨幹人物為 John David Humphreys (born 1845, General Manager),Humphreys 在1880年成立地產發展公司 The Richmond Terrace Estate and Building Co Ltd (36 Queen's Road Central)。隨山城蓬勃發展,歐洲政商富人的社群,退出擠迫雜亂的舊城區,不斷向上更高位遷移,明顯 Richmond Terrace (當年描述為鄰近般咸道,即今日列堤頓道 Lyttelton Road 與羅便臣道 Robinson Road 之間 []),就是該公司首個於西半山的土地開發項目。至於Sayle 1881年購入的連 Victoria Exchange 地皮,最終由 J.D. Humphreys 買入。Robert Sayle 遺產登記總額於1886年10月修訂增加,意味其海外業務及資產處理完結。

往後 Sayle & Co 相關人物。之前民事案件的 W.G. Humphreys 成立自己公司。W. Powell 可能是 Sayle 伙記,1885年已經營同樣的生意。Victoria Exchange 樓上舖位,就是由 Powell 不遲於1895年承租。至於 J.D. Humphreys ,之後1889年將 Victoria Exchange 地皮出售予屈臣氏,外商開始棄用個人名義,而透過有限公司法人地位,去持有控制物業及資產。其後1898年出售與香港置地 (The Hong Kong Land Investment and Agency Co. Ltd, est. since 1889 by Sir Paul Chater and James Johnstone Keswick),資產賬面值屈臣氏9年賺45%。而屈臣士大藥房,同年1898年,以租戶形式,於士丹利街舖位,亦即前述的 Victoria House,繼續維持於市內經營。


英國人來到香港開埠時,是從荒山野嶺中,嘗試在華開拓一個外國人的商港。1841年,英外相 Lord Palmerston 不滿義律選址,於國會內一番晦氣話: "a barren rock with nary a house upon it",某程度對香港的形容是對的。當年建城,就是為在華南設一個據點,為出入口商人提供倉庫存放商品,以及安全通商的落腳點。中國貿易,香港以外還有澳門,有五口通商,各國在華外商,其實陸續亦可以有不同的地點選擇。單上海就是透過另一種形式,在華用租界、治外法權等在華有效經營。而香港,當 Sayle 抵港時,這城已經營廿年,大抵上初具規模 —— 一個外國人社區、城市及港口基礎建設、航運交通支援、個人人身及財產安全保障、思想文化差別的緩衝、處理各種糾紛法律仲裁、政治經濟制度規範。Sayle 一批人來到的時候,亦正是不少上一代40年代外商人退場,新舊交替時候。他公司在港又廿年,參與並見證著香港成長。當 Sayle & Co 這一切突然落幕,另一邊廂,1884年孫文才入讀荷李活道中央書院,華南及香港新一代粤人社群,陸續接受西方教育,香港社會又正步進另一個時代。


Robert Sayle, Deceased




附註 / Notes :

[1] Wiki : Robert Sayle moved to London to learn the drapery trade with well known firms, such as Hitchcock, Williams & Co. who were based near St Paul's Cathedral. In 1840, he returned to Cambridge and with assistance from his father he set a drapery business located in Victoria House, 12 St Andrew's Street. The business sold Irish Linens, Sheeting, Hosiery, Haberdashery, Furs, Shawls, Handkerchiefs, Ribbons and Fancy Goods. The store was cutting edge for its time, as plate glass windows had been added to the store front to display the shops goods. The business continued to grow purchasing the shops along St Andrews Street.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Sayle

Note on Hitchcock, Williams & Co.: It was George Hitchcock and Company before 1840s. His future son-in-law George Williams in 1844 (then a humble staff age 23) and a group of fellow workers organized and created the first YMCA known as the Young Men’s Christen Association.

Note on Draper: someone who deals with cloth in clothing and dry goods

[2] Thomas Peacock & Co. 
The only doc found so far was in the Jardine Matheson Archive
Title Business letters: Shanghai
Reference MS JM/B7/37
Covering Dates 1844–1891
Extent and Medium 10,820 letters
http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0012%2FMS%20JM%2FB7%2F37;sib0=11

[3] Sayle Peacock & Co. in the China Directory, 1864
Frishling, C., clerk, (S. Peacock & Co.) Q.Road
Sayle, R. (Sayle Peacock & Co.) milliner, Queen's Road
Lilley W. (Sayle, Peacock & Co.) assist., Queen's Road

[4] Some milliner in 1862 China Directory
Garrett, Miss, Milliner, Queen's Road
Novra, Miss K., Milliner, Queen's Road

[5] Items for sale


[6] Assistants of Messr Sayle & Co in the Jury List of 1873, the Hong Kong Government Gazette
-Bains, James Hickling
-Baker, Joseph Henry
-Black, James (manager in 1874)
-Boll, Robert
-Hammond, William Henry
-Humphreys, William Griffiths
-Martin, Alfred
-Quin, John
-Sayle, Boardman B.D
-Skipworth, William Green
-Slater, Henry

[7] Inscriptions on the tomb of Messr Robert Sayle
On the left-hand side:
'Martha Elizabeth Sayle born September 13th 1851 Died November 13th 1854
Frances Anne Sayle born March 19th 1857 Died May 3rd 1934'
On the upper left-hand side:
'Priscilla Caroline Sayle widow of the late Robert Sayle died 9th May 1904 aged 80
"Her children rise up and call her blessed"
Charles Edward Sayle died 4th July 1924 aged 59'
On the right-hand side:
‘In loving memory of Arthur Willis Sayle eldest son of the above named Robert Sayle who died in Shanghai, China, January 28 1878 aged 25 years’
On the upper right-hand side:
In affectionate remembrance of Robert Sayle JP of Cambridge and China. Born at Southery, Norfolk February 22nd 1816 died at Trumpington, Cambridge October 5th 1883

[8] some legal actions regarding Sayle and Co.
1. Esh v. Sayle and Co. The China Mail, 1880
2. Sayle and Co. v. Humphreys. Hong Kong Daily Press, 1882
3. “The Decision Given By The Magistrates Regarding The Auction Memo Passed By Messrs. Sayle & Co.'s Shroff to Inspector Grimes gives a caution to the auctioneers of the Colony. The China Mail”, 1869-10-26
4. Order in suit No.46 Of 1884 O.J. / Date Of Registration 1885
Boardman Bromhead Dalton Sayle v Alexandre Amador Eca Da Silva and Charles Cairns, Creasy Ewens (All Defendants Are Executors of William Bolton Spratt)

Declaring That Defendants Have No Interest

[9] Nusserwanjee Mody & Co
1862:  Messrs. Dadabhoy Nusserwanjee Mody & Co  dissolved
1862:  Mr. Nusserwanjee Bomonjee Mody, Mr. Muncherjee Nusserwanjee Mody, Mr. Anrdaseer Nusserwanjee Mody, and Mr. Jehangheerjee Nusserwanjee Mody, continued as Merchants and Agents.
1864:  jury list - Saporjee, F. (Mody & Co) merchant, Queen's Road
1866:  Mr. N. P. Moolla Feroze authorized to sign
1871:  Mr. Maneckjee Sapoorjee Horiwalla authizied to sign
1890:  Mr. Jehangirjee Nesserwanjee Mody retired
1890:  Messrs. Kaikhushroo Ardaseer Mody & Eduljee Abdaseer Mody, as partner

[10] Hormusjee Nowrojee Mody, in the jury list, as broker at Lyndhurst Terrace in early 1870s, and Graham Street in mid 1870s.

[11] Dadabhoy Nusserwanjee Mody & Co.
1855:  Mr. Muncherjee Hormusjee Camajee ceased; Messrs Rustomjee Dadabhoy Camajee & Ardarseer Nusserwanjee Mody admitted partner
1859: Mr. Framjee Sapoorjee is authorized to sign
1862: Mr. Rustomjee Hormusjee Hakimna is authorized to sign

1862:  Messrs. Dadabhoy Nusserwanjee Mody & Co  dissolved

[12]

[13] I adapt study of Carl Smith in the RAS Journal. Meanwhile there are other on the German community in Hong Kong
The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846-1918 - 1994 - Carl T. Smith, RAS
http://industrialhistoryhk.org/german-speaking-community-hong-kong-1846-1918/

[14] there is a notice of liquidation of C.J. Gaupp in 1916

[15] Frickel in the China Mail 1869

[16] Frederick Woods

[17] Charles Markwick, Government and Supreme Court Auctioneer and Appraiser, and General Storekeeper, Queen's Road, est. 1843, notice in 1855

[18] Government Auctioneer
Mr. Charles Markwick, Government Auctioneer and Supreme Court Appraiser, 1850, Queen's Road (Pottinger 1846)
Mr. George Duddell,  (as refer Butt) 
Mr. George Augustus Frederick Norris of MacEwen and Company, 1860 (porttinger 1846)
Mr. John Martin Armstrong 1869 as Norris resigned

[19] Wiki : The department store Robert Sayle was continued to be run as a private business by partners, Joseph Clark (one of the executors), Arthur Edward Chaplin and Hugh Porter who greatly expanded the departments. It was until 2007 the partners voted to drop the name and changed as John Lewis.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Sayle
other readings : A History of Robert Sayle: 1840-2007 Paperback – 17 Apr 2008 by Louise M. Sieveking, Jenifer Gooch,

[20] Conditional agreement for Lease for 5 years from 1.7.1884, in favour of Alexandre Amador Eca Da Silva (Lessee) and William Bolton Spratt (Lessee)

[21] “William Bolton Spratt deceased at 4 July 1884, no 19 Hollywood Road”, notice from Charles Cairns & Creasy Ewens (solicitor to the executor 45 Queen's Road), Oct 1884

[22] Deacons file

[23] Richmond Terrace





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